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Pope Saint Paul VI (3 April 1969): “Although the text of the Roman Gradual—at least that which concerns the singing—has not been changed, the Entrance antiphons and Communions antiphons have been revised for Masses without singing.”

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Views from the Choir Loft

PDF Download • “Erunt Signa In Sole” (Advent)

Andrea Leal · November 21, 2019

80768 sperabo NE OF THE challenges of a small choir is having enough singers to pull off any kind of polyphony. Last year I came across a series of Advent motets by Deigo de las Muelas (1698-1743). He was a Spanish composer who served as the “maestro de capilla” for the cathedrals of Astorga and Santiago de Compostela. The original voicing for the 1st Sunday in Advent (“Erunt Signa in Sole”) is for SATB. However, last year this was not something we could have managed. Therefore, I studied the music (briefly, because I do everything with multiple children hanging from each of my limbs) and arranged it for SAT. If you have enough voices for SATB, the original can be found on cpdl.

I recorded each of the parts for my choir last year. Perhaps these tracks will be useful to some of you with smaller volunteer choirs this Advent:

* *  PDF Download • Erunt Signa Sole for Three Voices


Our YouTube channel has rehearsal videos for each individual voice. You can see where the text comes from by downloading the 1st Sunday of Advent and looking at the Gospel:

(Luke 21:25)

Et erunt signa in sole, et luna, et stellis,
et in terris pressura gentium
præ confusione sonitus maris, et fluctuum…

The sun and the moon and the stars will give portents,
and on earth the nations will be in distress,
bewildered by the roaring of the sea and of its waves…

Remember that 99% of the people attending Mass on Sunday have no idea what it “ought” to sound like. Music scholars might need their smelling salts and a fainting couch when they hear about this guerrilla tactic, but if you have to reduce an SATB piece to just SA, ST or SB, then do it. This will help you get started in singing some polyphony until your choir’s abilities progress. You can still pull off something pleasing to the Lord that is worlds better than a typical jingly jangly modern hymn. It is true that some pieces of music cannot be reduced because they simply lose too much beauty in the harmonic progression of the chords. This is a judgement call you will have to make.

If you just aren’t sure it will work, use your phone to record your choir singing the reduced version of whatever amazing polyphonic piece you want to try. Then let a friend, co-worker, family member, or Sharon from the soccer carpool take a listen. If they hear it and make a face like they just bit into a lemon, then fine—maybe it won’t work. But if they find it pleasant to listen to, then press on. Gloria in excelsis Deo!

Background For This Article

Anyone who has built a choir from the ground up knows that there are some things that simply cannot be circumvented no matter how badly you want to. For example, singing the full propers when your volunteer choir is just starting out is virtually impossible. So you rely on psalm tone propers and try to learn one or two full chants a month. You build from there, and every year you add to the repertoire until one day you find that your choir is not only capable of singing all of the propers for the year in full, they can even sight sing Gregorian chant. But this does not happen overnight. The process can take years. It is not for the faint of heart or the impatient soul! There are a myriad of obstacles along the way, not the least of which is sometimes…you. As music directors we are limited by our imperfections and our own gaps in knowledge. Sometimes, we are learning right alongside choir members—and that’s ok. Maybe you got thrown into the position by default because there was no one else who was remotely capable of leading a choir. I know there are a lot of music directors reading this right now who have minimal formal musical training, if any. Maybe “music director” is even too lofty a title for what you do (this is definitely true of me). You are out there, trying your best to build up something beautiful and sacred that will befit the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. You might be in it virtually alone, but you desperately want to help draw souls to Christ. And it’s hard. I know because I am right there with you.

We have seen many articles on this website of incredible scholarly insight. We have heard from the absolute best professionals in sacred music. We have benefited tremendously and soaked up every bit of knowledge offered. And now…you get to go slumming with me! Over the next few months, I will humbly offer some of the “guerrilla tactics” in sacred music that I have learned along the way. This is for all you church musicians who just got thrown into the pool even though you didn’t know how to swim. Sometimes, we are going to make the rules up as we go along. But this is always in order to glorify God as deeply as we know how. We are going to pull ourselves up by the bootstraps and make it happen!

Andrea Leal
Choirmaster, Latin Mass Parish in Las Vegas
(Parish Website)
(Latin Mass Facebook Page—Las Vegas)


We hope you enjoyed this guest article by Andrea Leal.

Opinions by blog authors do not necessarily represent the views of Corpus Christi Watershed.

Filed Under: Articles, PDF Download Last Updated: January 12, 2020

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About Andrea Leal

Andrea Leal is a wife and homeschooling mother of 6 children. She serves as choir director for the Traditional Latin Mass in Las Vegas.—(Read full biography).

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Corpus Christi Watershed

President’s Corner

    PDF Comparison Chart • “Serious Problems with the Lectionary Translation”
    EARS BEFORE truly revolutionary changes were introduced by the post-conciliar reformers, Evelyn Waugh wrote (on 16 August 1964) to John Cardinal Heenan: “I think that a vociferous minority has imposed itself on the hierarchy and made them believe that a popular demand existed where there was in fact not even a preference.” We ask the kind reader— indeed, we beg you—to realize that those of us born in the 1940s and 1950s had no cognizance of Roman activities during the 1960s and 1970s. We were concerned with making sure we had the day’s bus fare, graduating from high school, taking care of our siblings, learning a trade, getting a job, courting a spouse. We questioned neither the nuns nor the Church.1 Do not believe for one instant any of us were following the liturgical machinations of Cardinal Lercaro or Father Bugnini in real time. Setting The Stage • To never question or resist Church authorities is praiseworthy. On the other hand, when a scandalous situation persists for decades, it must be brought into focus. Our series will do precisely that as we discuss the Lectionary Scandal from a variety of angles. We don’t do this to attack the Catholic Church. Our goal is bringing to light what’s been going on, so it can be fixed once and for all. Our subject is extremely knotty and difficult to navigate. Its complexity helps explain why the situation has persisted for such a long time.2 But if we immediately get “into the weeds” we’ll lose our audience. Therefore, it seems better to jump right in. So today, we’ll explore the legality of selling these texts. A Word On Copyright • Suppose Susie modifies a paragraph by Edgar Allan Poe. That doesn’t mean ipso facto she can assert copyright on it. If Susie takes a picture of a Corvette and uses Photoshop to color the tires blue, that doesn’t mean she henceforth “owns” all Corvettes in America. But when it comes to Responsorial Psalm translations, certain parties have been asserting copyright over them, selling them for a profit, and bullying publishers vis-à-vis hymnals and missals. Increasingly, Catholics are asking whether these translations are truly under copyright—because they are identical (or substantially identical) to other translations.3 Example After Example • Our series will provide copious examples supporting our claims. Sometimes we’ll rely on the readership for assistance, because—as we’ve stressed—our subject’s history couldn’t be more convoluted. There are countless manuscripts (in Greek, Hebrew, and Latin) we don’t have access to, so it would be foolish for us to claim that our observations are somehow the ‘final word’ on anything. Nevertheless, we demand accountability. Catholics in the pews are the ones who paid for all this. We demand to know who specifically made these decisions (which impact every English-speaking Catholic) and why specifically certain decisions were made. The Responsorial Psalms used in America are—broadly speaking—stolen from the hard work of others. In particular, they borrowed heavily from Father Cuthbert Lattey’s 1939 PSALTER TRANSLATION:
    *  PDF Download • COMPARISON CHART —We thank the CCW staff for technical assistance with this graph.
    Analysis • Although certain parties have been selling (!!!) that translation for decades, the chart demonstrates it’s not a candidate for copyright since it “borrows” or “steals” or “rearranges” so much material from other translations, especially the 1939 translation by Father Cuthbert Lattey. What this means in layman’s terms is that individuals have been selling a translation under false pretenses, a translation they don’t own (although they claim to). To make RESTITUTION, all that money will have to be returned. A few years ago, the head of ICEL gave a public speech in which he said they give some of “their” profits to the poor. While almsgiving is a good thing, it cannot justify theft. Our Constant Theme • Our series will be held together by one thread, which will be repeated constantly: “Who was responsible?” Since 1970, the conduct of those who made a profit by selling these sacred texts has been repugnant. Favoritism was shown toward certain entities—and we will document that with written proof. It is absolutely essential going forward that the faithful be told who is making these decisions. Moreover, vague justifications can no longer be accepted. If we’re told they are “making the translations better,” we must demand to know what specifically they’re doing and what specific criteria they’re following. Stay Tuned • If you’re wondering whether we’ll address the forthcoming (allegedly) Lectionary and the so-called ABBEY PSALMS AND CANTICLES, have no fear. We’ll have much to say about both. Please stay tuned. We believe this will end up being the longest series of articles ever submitted to Corpus Christi Watershed. To be continued. ROBERT O’NEILL Former associate of Monsignor Francis “Frank” P. Schmitt at Boys Town in Nebraska JAMES ARNOLD Formerly associated w/ King’s College, Cambridge A convert to the Catholic Church, and distant relative of J. H. Arnold MARIA B. Currently serves as a musician in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte. Those aware of the situation in her diocese won’t be surprised she chose to withhold her last name.
    1 Even if we’d been able to obtain Roman journals such as NOTITIAE, none of them contained English translations. But such an idea would never have occurred to a high school student or a college student growing up in the 1960s. 2 A number of shell corporations claim to own the various biblical translations mandated for Roman Catholics. They’ve made millions of dollars selling (!) these indulgenced texts. If time permits, we hope to enumerate these various shell corporations and explain: which texts they claim to own; how much they bring in each year; who runs them; and so forth. It would also be good to explore the morality of selling these indulgenced texts for a profit. Furthermore, for the last fifty years these organizations have employed several tactics to manipulate and bully others. If time permits, we will expose those tactics (including written examples). Some of us—who have been working on this problem for three decades—have amassed written documentation we’ll be sharing that demonstrates behavior at best “shady” and at worst criminal. 3 Again, we are not yet examining the morality of selling (!) indulgenced texts to Catholics mandated to use those same translations.
    —Guest Author
    “Music List” • 17th in Ordinary Time (Year C)
    Some have expressed interest in perusing the ORDER OF MUSIC I prepared for the 17th Sunday in Ordinary Time (27 July 2025). If such a thing interests you, feel free to download it as a PDF file. As always, the Responsorial Psalm, Gospel Acclamation, and Mass Propers for this Sunday are conveniently stored at the the feasts website.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    Communion • “Ask & You Shall Receive”
    All of the chants for 27 July 2025 have been added to the feasts website, as usual under a convenient “drop down” menu. The COMMUNION ANTIPHON (both text and melody) are exceedingly beautiful and ancient.
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Quick Thoughts

    Pope Pius XII Hymnal?
    Have you ever heard of the Pope Pius XII Hymnal? It’s a real book, published in the United States in 1959. Here’s a sample page so you can verify with your own eyes it existed.
    —Corpus Christi Watershed
    “Hybrid” Chant Notation?
    Over the years, many have tried to ‘simplify’ plainsong notation. The O’Fallon Propers attempted to simplify the notation—but ended up making matters worse. Dr. Karl Weinmann tried to do the same in the time of Pope Saint Pius X by replacing each porrectus. You can examine a specimen from his edition and see whether you agree he complicated matters. In particular, look at what he did with éxsules fílii Hévae.
    —Corpus Christi Watershed
    Antiphons Don’t Match?
    A reader wants to know why the Entrance and Communion antiphons in certain publications deviate from what’s prescribed by the GRADUALE ROMANUM published after Vatican II. Click here to read our answer. The short answer is: the Adalbert Propers were never intended to be sung. They were intended for private Masses only (or Masses without music). The “Graduale Parvum,” published by the John Henry Newman Institute of Liturgical Music in 2023, mostly uses the Adalbert Propers—but sometimes uses the GRADUALE text: e.g. Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul (29 June).
    —Corpus Christi Watershed

Random Quote

“For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders”—is that English idiom? “For the Nazis, and all the Germans, except they say Heil Hitler! meet not in the street, holding their lives valuable”—is that English idiom?

— Monsignor Ronald Knox

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  • Communion • “Ask & You Shall Receive”
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