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Pope Saint Paul VI (3 April 1969): “Although the text of the Roman Gradual—at least that which concerns the singing—has not been changed, the Entrance antiphons and Communions antiphons have been revised for Masses without singing.”

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Views from the Choir Loft

PDF Download • “Polyphonic Creed Extension” (Perfect Canon Between Soprano & Alto)

Jeff Ostrowski · July 3, 2021

E DON’T KNOW very much about how the Last Supper would have looked. Most scholars believe the Apostles and our Blessed Lord would have been laying down (“reclining”) as they ate. Some scholars have tried to guess how Jewish rituals might have influenced the early Christian rites and “disciplina arcana”—and Father Adrian Fortescue did as well. Because of the words “Postquam cœnatum est,” we know that the chalice our Lord consecrated was the fourth (last) Hallel cup. I am certainly not qualified to add to this type of scholarship in any way.

Dogs In Church: In spite of what certain internet authors assert, there is much we don’t know about the sacred liturgy even in “modern” times—such as the 16th century. Contemporaneous documents show it was quite common to bring dogs into church at that time. The noisy dog sounds were something prayerful Catholics complained about vociferously. What exactly did that look like? It’s doubtful there would have been silence in the nave of the church—even while complex polyphony was being sung! And people back in those days (who had to work so hard) often smelled bad … which is why incense was used according to some sources. Furthermore, how long did it take the Celebrant to pray the Canon? Examining the length of certain settings (SANCTUS + HOSANNA + BENEDICTUS + HOSANNA), it would seem the priest took a very long time saying the Canon.

Make It Fit Our Times: Therefore, Catholics have always needed to adapt traditional music to the sacred liturgy of the times. In today’s environment—for a variety of reasons—it might be imprudent to attempt a full Renaissance setting of the CREDO, which can easily last 9 minutes or more. Therefore, we are “stealing” something from the Germans. The Germans sing the Creed in plainsong, but switch to polyphony for the “Et Incarnatus Est” section. My choir has been singing Credo VII with added polyphonic sections.

An Example: I don’t like hearing my Soprano voice (I’m a Baritone), but my colleague Keven Smith has encouraged me to continue—so here’s my attempt at a simulation video:

*  PDF Download • Credo Extension (Perfect Canon)
—Based off something Father Guerrero published in 1566AD.

Rehearsal videos for each individual voice await you at #62964 .

Singing Is Physical: There is something I wish I could get across: Singing is physical. A recording device cannot reproduce a choral sound. The piano is a percussive instrument, and can be recorded with greater fidelity than a choir. What I’m trying to say is this: A choral sound is something physical, and microphones cannot capture it. We must form choirs; and this requires a minimum of three singers per part. When just two singers tackle a part, one voice will always dominate the other. You don’t have a choir until you have a minimum of three (3) singers per part. Four soloists singing SATB cannot substitute for an actual choir. Listen to this live hymn recording from last week at our parish and see whether you agree no individual voices “stick out.” Because choral music is physical—I’m talking about the sound waves created—there’s nothing as powerful as hearing a real choir sing in real life, especially if they are in “mixed formation.” I believe that we must form choirs and show priests how an actual choir sounds in real life; only then will we begin to see progress in the realm of Catholic Church music.

You can hear an excerpt of my choir singing that Guerrero Credo extension—but please realize that was the first time we attempted it, and it will improve as we continue to sing it.

P.S. To download a “Credo” image from the 14th century, click here.

Opinions by blog authors do not necessarily represent the views of Corpus Christi Watershed.

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Filed Under: Articles, PDF Download Tagged With: Credo VII, Missa Papae Marcelli Last Updated: July 13, 2021

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About Jeff Ostrowski

Jeff Ostrowski holds his B.M. in Music Theory from the University of Kansas (2004). He resides with his wife and children in Michigan. —(Read full biography).

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President’s Corner

    PDF • “O Come All Ye Faithful” (Simplified)
    I admire the harmonization of “Adeste Fideles” by David Willcocks (d. 2015), who served as director of the Royal College of Music (London, England). In 2025, I was challenged to create a simplified arrangement for organists incapable of playing the authentic version at tempo. The result was this simplified keyboard arrangement (PDF download) based on the David Willcocks version of “O Come All Ye Faithful.” Feel free to play through it and let me know what you think.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF • “Music List” (Sunday, 28 December)
    Readers have expressed interest in perusing the ORDER OF MUSIC I’ve prepared for Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, & Joseph (28 Dec. 2025). If such a thing interests you, feel free to download it as a PDF file. The FAUXBOURDON verses for the Communion Antiphon are particularly gorgeous. As always, the Responsorial Psalm, Gospel Acclamation, and Mass Propers for this Sunday are available at the feasts website alongside the official texts in Latin.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF • “Music List” (Xmas Midnight Mass)
    Readers have expressed interest in perusing the ORDER OF MUSIC I’ve prepared for Christmas Midnight Mass (“Ad Missam In Nocte”). If such a thing interests you, feel free to download it as a PDF file. The ENTRANCE CHANT is simple, but quite beautiful. As always, the Responsorial Psalm, Gospel Acclamation, and Mass Propers for this Sunday are available at the feasts website alongside the official texts in Latin.
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Quick Thoughts

    PDF Download • “In Paradisum” in English
    We always sing the IN PARADISUM in Latin, as printed on this PDF score. I have an appallingly bad memory (meaning I’d be a horrible witness in court). In any event, it’s been brought to my attention that 15 years ago I created this organ accompaniment for the famous and beautiful ‘IN PARADISUM’ Gregorian chant sung in English according to ‘MR3’ (Roman Missal, Third Edition). If anyone desires such a thing, feel free to download and print. Looking back, I wish I’d brought the TENOR and BASS voices into a unison (on B-Natural) for the word “welcome” on the second line.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    What does this mean? “Pre-Urbanite”
    Something informed critics have frequently praised vis-à-vis the Saint Jean de Brébeuf Hymnal is its careful treatment of the ancient hymns vs. the “Urbanite” hymns. This topic I had believed to be fairly well understood—but I was wrong. The reason I thought people knew about it is simple; in the EDITIO VATICANA 1908 Graduale Romanum (as well as the 1913 Liber Antiphonarius) both versions are provided, right next to each other. You can see what I mean by examining this PDF file from the Roman Gradual of 1908. Most people still don’t understand that the Urbanite versions were never adopted by any priests or monks who sang the Divine Office each day. Switching would have required a massive amount of effort and money, because all the books would need to be changed.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF Download • “Santo Santo Santo”
    Those searching for a dignified, brief, simple, bright setting of SANCTUS in Spanish (“Santo Santo Santo”) are invited to download this Setting in honor of Saint John Brébeuf (organist & vocalist). I wonder if there would be any interest in me recording a rehearsal video for this piece.
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Random Quote

“Johann Baptist Singenberger (d. 1924) held in trust a letter from Pius X giving him permission to use men and women in his festival choirs. He neither published it nor used it, lest he embarrass the Holy Father.”

— Monsignor Francis P. Schmitt (August 1957)

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