Views from the Choir Loft

How to Read and Sing Gregorian Chant

Not everyone will agree with all the ideas, conclusions, and methods put forth below. However, it is hoped that some will find these lessons useful. As time goes on, the lessons will be expanded upon, with even more examples being included. Also, if readers notice errors and mistakes, these can be corrected. — Jeff Ostrowski, June 2012

With a little effort, anybody can learn how to read Gregorian chant! However, as a teacher, it is difficult to know where to begin and what progression to follow. No doubt some singers will, with profit, go through the following lessons “out of order.”

Lesson 1: The Principles of “Movable Do”

Lesson 2: Intervallic Relationships

Lesson 3: Do Clef and Fa Clef

Lesson 4: A Practical Example

Lesson 5: Names of the Notes

Lesson 6: The Vatican Edition of the Chant

Lesson 7: Syllabic Moræ Vocis in the Vatican Edition

Lesson 8: Salicus vs. Scandicus

Lesson 9: Ecclesiastical Pronunciation of Latin

Lesson 10: Modality and Psalm Tones

Lesson 11: Thoughts on Gregorian Rhythm

Rare Recordings from the 1904 Gregorian Congress:

Don Antonio Rella Recording from 1904 (video)

Introit • “Gaudeamus” — Dom Joseph Pothier Recording from 1904 (video)

Alleluia • “Assumpta est Maria” — Dom Joseph Pothier Recording from 1904 (video)

Communion • “Optimam partem” — Dom Joseph Pothier Recording from 1904 (video)

Sequence • “Veni Sancte Spiritus” — Baron Rudolf Kanzler Recording from 1904 (video)

Introit • “Sacerdotes” — Dom André Mocquereau Recording from 1904 (video)

Alleluia • “Fac nos innocuam” — Dom André Mocquereau Recording from 1904 (video)

Introit • “Resurrexi” — Dom André Mocquereau Recording from 1904 (video)

Gradual • “Haec Dies” — Dom André Mocquereau Recording from 1904 (video)

Alleluia • “Pascha Nostrum” — Dom André Mocquereau Recording from 1904 (video)

To be added at a later date:

Different Kinds of Chants (Introits, Graduals, Alleluias, Offertories, etc.)
The Origin of Written Music and the Early Gregorian MSS
Where to Learn More and Practice Chanting
In Depth Treatment of the Solesmes Ictus and Arsis & Thesis
Can Gregorian Chant be Sung in English?
Contemporary Scholarship and Its Challenges

Bugnini’s Statement (6 November 1966)

With each passing day, more is revealed about how the enemies of the liturgy accomplished their goals. For instance, Hannibal Bugnini deeply resented the way Vatican II said Gregorian Chant “must be given first place in liturgical services.” On 6 November 1966, his cadre wrote a letter attempting to justify the elimination of Gregorian Chant with this brazen statement: “What really gives a Mass its tone is not so much the songs as it is the prayers and readings.” Bugnini’s cadre then attacked the very heart of Gregorian Chant (viz. the Proprium Missae), bemoaning how the Proprium Missae “is completely new each Sunday and feast day.” There is much more to be said about this topic. Stay tuned.

—Jeff Ostrowski

Luis Martínez Must Go!

Sevilla Cathedral (entry dated 13 December 1564): The chapter orders Luis Martínez, a cathedral chaplain, to stay away from the choirbook-stand when the rest of the singers gather around it to sing polyphony—the reason being that “he throws the others out of tune.” [Excerpt from “The Life of Father Francisco Guerrero.”]

—Jeff Ostrowski

Urgent! • We Desperately Need Funds!

A few days ago, the president of Corpus Christi Watershed posted this urgent appeal for funds. Please help us make sure we’re never forced to place our content behind a paywall. We feel it’s crucial that 100% of our content remains free to everyone. We’re a tiny 501(c)3 public charity, entirely dependent upon the generosity of small donors. We have no endowment and no major donors. We run no advertisements and have no savings. We beg you to consider donating $4.00 per month. Thank you!

—Jeff Ostrowski

Pope Pius XII Hymnal?

Have you ever heard of the Pope Pius XII Hymnal? It’s a real book, published in the United States in 1959. Here’s a sample page so you can verify with your own eyes it existed.

—Corpus Christi Watershed

“Hybrid” Chant Notation?

Over the years, many have tried to ‘simplify’ plainsong notation. The O’Fallon Propers attempted to simplify the notation—but ended up making matters worse. Dr. Karl Weinmann tried to do the same in the time of Pope Saint Pius X by replacing each porrectus. You can examine a specimen from his edition and see whether you agree he complicated matters. In particular, look at what he did with éxsules fílii Hévae.

—Corpus Christi Watershed

Antiphons Don’t Match?

A reader wants to know why the Entrance and Communion antiphons in certain publications deviate from what’s prescribed by the GRADUALE ROMANUM published after Vatican II. Click here to read our answer. The short answer is: the Adalbert Propers were never intended to be sung. They were intended for private Masses only (or Masses without music). The “Graduale Parvum,” published by the John Henry Newman Institute of Liturgical Music in 2023, mostly uses the Adalbert Propers—but sometimes uses the GRADUALE text: e.g. Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul (29 June).

—Corpus Christi Watershed