Views from the Choir Loft

Allowed or Forbidden? • Parallel Fourths in Renaissance Polyphony

Jeff Ostrowski · August 6, 2020

HOSE WHO CLICK on #79075 will find marvelous items. The first is a special “Mode 7” version of the MAGNIFICAT combining versions from Father Guerrero, Father Morales, and Palestrina. (All are seventh mode, so they mix together well.) The score helps singers understand that the Mode 7 plainsong appears in each voice elongated (“in augmentation”) depending upon the movement. (In the live recording below, the final movement is omitted). Not only that, but rehearsal videos for each individual voice are provided at #79075. On top of all that, two (2) YouTube videos containing a discussion about this marvelous “Guerrero+” composition are linked to.

Before Covid-19 hit, our choir was learning this Magnificat. Here’s a recording made during one of our rehearsals:

Disclaimer: The microphones cannot capture the true beauty of choral singing, just as a Postcard cannot capture the true beauty of a sunset.

In the section by Father Cristóbal de Morales, we find parallel fourths. (The same exact thing happens in measures 29-30.) See for yourself:

But are parallel fourths allowed in Renaissance polyphony?

The student of Father Morales was Father Guerrero (who turned out to be an even greater composer than his teacher). In Missa Beata Mater, Father Guerrero uses parallel fourths:

Please let me know your thoughts about parallel fourths in the Facebook combox. Thanks!

Opinions by blog authors do not necessarily represent the views of Corpus Christi Watershed.

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About Jeff Ostrowski

Jeff Ostrowski holds his B.M. in Music Theory from the University of Kansas (2004). He resides with his wife and children in Los Angeles.—(Read full biography).

22 September 2020 • “Tears of Joy”

A reader wrote to us: “Thank you for the sample verses of Hymn #869 (Solemn Hymn to the Son of God). I found this music posted to YouTube this morning, and I’ve lost count at of the number of times I’ve replayed it and—no exaggeration!—it makes me tear up each time. This lovely hymn makes me feel closer to Jesus in a way I have not experienced before. It also makes me want to proceed with my daily prayers right then and there, rather than run off to the next errand or household task. I could play your traditional hymns and liturgical music all day long!” —(Ann from the Boston area)

—Jeff Ostrowski

Myth Re: Johann Sebastian Bach

Some musicologists try to make a “splash” by saying that Bach was totally forgotten when he died—remembered only as an organ virtuoso—and that his sons were more famous than he was. Such an idea is indefensible. It is true that musical styles changed in 1750AD—but this is normal. Musical styles change constantly; e.g. much of the repertoire of Hofmann and Rachmaninov was considered “garbage” toward the end of their lives. But those who carefully study the lives of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Christian Gottlob Neefe, Franz Liszt, John Field, Hans von Bülow, Felix Mendelssohn, Frédéric Chopin, and countless others realize that Bach was revered. It’s true that his music was seldom played in public, but music by “dead composers” was generally speaking not played in public until approximately the middle of the 19th century.

—Jeff Ostrowski

Arthur Friedheim, Franz Liszt’s Secretary

Arthur Friedheim (d. 1932) has a very poor reputation as a pianist, and Liszt rejected him several times before finally accepting him as a pupil, yet the Liszt recordings he left are quite good—especially considering the transgressions by other Liszt pupils. Friedheim must have been an amazing musician; twice he was asked to become conductor of the New York Philharmonic (1898 + 1911) but he declined both times. Circa 1912, Friedheim was recording Chopin’s “Funeral March” but the record ran out, so he simply stopped in the middle of the piece. Things sure have changed! Pianists no longer stop in the middle of pieces, although Cortot would sometimes abridge pieces to make them fit on records (cf. Chopin’s Andante Spianato & Grande Polonaise Brilliante).

—Jeff Ostrowski