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Pope Saint Paul VI (3 April 1969): “Although the text of the Roman Gradual—at least that which concerns the singing—has not been changed, the Entrance antiphons and Communions antiphons have been revised for Masses without singing.”

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Views from the Choir Loft

The Frontier of Liturgical Composition

Richard J. Clark · July 1, 2016

Y DESK IS A mess—a veritable disaster. Once every few months, whether it needs it or not, I clear off and reorganize my desk. I can then remember what color it is. I usually find a few old drafts of compositions. However, my filing system is highly efficient. Everything’s out.

Germane to the discussion of my working environment: Last week, Veronica Brandt wrote a brilliant article: It’s not about talent. She hits home her point here: “In short, talent just doesn’t come into it. The thing that makes music happen is lots and lots of work.” Very few see the work behind the final product. Some make it look easy, but it never is. The work is a form of service. Talent without work leads to artistic and personal atrophy. One may never blossom into the mature artist on talent alone. Hard work sometimes over the course of decade, is the only way to make a small difference in the world.

Understanding that our work is service to God, the liturgy, and to humanity, composition is a form of service, especially if approached in a certain way. While it is important to develop one’s own voice, the function of a work is primary. Self-glorification cancels out a true sense of purpose. Today, this true purpose is to help the faithful pray the words of the Mass, and not to be a form of personal self-expression. This may be a dangerous frontier, to be certain. But in the end, we will find God at our center.

ORE THAN FIFTY YEARS after the Second Vatican Council, the frontier of composition is clearly producing new settings of the propers in the vernacular, useful for a typical parish. This is not unlike the time immediately after the Second Vatican Council. The frontier of liturgical composition then was the need for settings in the vernacular to be sung by a congregation. In the United States, this elicited results in the 1970s ranging from the St. Louis Jesuits to Theodore Marier. Then what was the frontier became the norm.

But now, many of us are aware of the awakening of “singing the Mass” rather than “singing at Mass.” Many, many composers have tackled the propers. As such, singing the propers—an integral part of singing the Mass—is slowly making its way into the mainstream.

Dr. Jerry Galipeau, Vice President and Chief Publishing Officer at J. S. Paluch Company and World Library Publications, recently wrote in his blog Gotta Sing Gotta Pray:

”…the introduction of the proper communion antiphons is still a work in progress. I believe it takes years for this practice to really become a part of the music at Mass. This was a great example of “singing the Mass,” rather than “singing at Mass.”

While I have been working on Communion propers for the entire year (more to come out soon with WLP) my desk is a colossal mess because of all my reference books to do this work. Others did the work before me: recent publications from Adam Bartlett, Richard Rice especially are constant reference materials. The publications from Solesmes have been a constant companion.

The work is also a form of prayer. Meditate on the Antiphons and type in every work of the psalm verses and you cannot help but be transformed. Obsess and constantly revise harmonizations and stay awake longer at night to make a tiny contribution that might be useful to some modest parish somewhere? I hope it is prayer. I hope it is of service to some. But service is what God asks of us every single day of our lives.

Soli Deo gloria

Opinions by blog authors do not necessarily represent the views of Corpus Christi Watershed.

Filed Under: Articles Last Updated: January 1, 2020

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About Richard J. Clark

Richard J. Clark is the Director of Music of the Archdiocese of Boston and the Cathedral of the Holy Cross.—(Read full biography).

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Corpus Christi Watershed

President’s Corner

    PDF Download • “Sprinkling Rite”
    Liturgical reformers who gained power after Vatican II frequently caused great suffering to musicians. With the stroke of a pen, they sometimes make changes that would require thousands—or even millions—of man hours (work undertaken by composers and editors). The Sprinkling Rite during Eastertide is but one tiny example. The version given in that PDF document was the original melody for Roman Missal, Third Edition. Some still prefer that version. However, at the last moment, an “unknown hand” tinkered with a few notes in the antiphon. Those who examine the current edition can verify this with their own eyes.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    ‘Sarum’ Good Friday?
    Plainsong of the Roman Rite has many variants—i.e. slight ‘variations’ or ‘alterations’ made to the ancient melodies. Variants often thrive in particular religious orders. Likewise, before Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church, Gregorian Chant variants were frequently associated with individual cathedrals in England: Hereford, Lincoln, Salisbury, and so forth. In the early 20th century, the (Anglican) organist at Westminster Abbey married “Let All Mortal Flesh Keep Silence” to this beautiful variant melody from England. Those who sing Gregorian Chant on Good Friday will recognize the melody. What do you think of this pairing?
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF Download • “Eb Organ Postlude”
    Gustav Adolf Merkel (d. 1885) was a German organist, teacher, and composer. Although a Lutheran himself, he held the appointment at the (Roman Catholic) Cathedral of Dresden from 1864 until his death. You can download his Organ Postlude in E-Flat, which I like very much. He has an interesting way of marking the pedal notes. What do you think?
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Quick Thoughts

    “Gregorian Chant Quiz” • 24 March 2026
    How well do you know your Gregorian hymns? Do you recognize the tune inserted into the bass line on this score? For many years, we sang the entire Mass in Gregorian chant—and I mean everything. As a result, it would be difficult to find a Gregorian hymn I don’t recognize instantly. Only decades later did I realize (with sadness) that this skill cannot be ‘monetized’… This particular melody is used for a very famous Gregorian hymn, printed in the LIBER USUALIS. Do you recognize it? Send me an email with the correct words, and I promise to tell everybody I meet about your prowess!
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF Download • “Ubi Caritas” (SATB)
    I remember singing “Ubi Cáritas” by Maurice Duruflé at the conservatory. I was deeply moved by it. However, some feel Duruflé’s version isn’t suitable for small choirs since it’s written for 6 voices and the bass tessitura is quite low. That’s why I was absolutely thrilled to discover this “Ubi cáritas” (SATB) for smaller choirs by Énemond Moreau, who studied with OSCAR DEPUYDT (d. 1925), an orphan who became a towering figure of Catholic music. Depuydt’s students include: Flor Peeters (d. 1986); Monsignor Jules Van Nuffel (d. 1953); Arthur Meulemans (d. 1966); Monsignor Jules Vyverman (d. 1989); and Gustaaf Nees (d. 1965). Rehearsal videos for each individual voice await you at #19705. When I came across the astonishing English translation for “Ubi Cáritas” by Monsignor Ronald Knox—matching the Latin’s meter—I decided to add those lyrics as an option (for churches which have banned Latin). My wife and I made this recording to give you some idea how it sounds.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    PDF Download • “Holy, Holy, Holy”
    For vigil Masses on Saturday (a.k.a. “anticipated” Masses) we use this simpler setting of the “Holy, Holy, Holy” by Monsignor Jules Vyverman (d. 1989), a Belgian priest, organist, composer, and music educator who ultimately succeeded another ‘Jules’ (CANON JULES VAN NUFFEL) as director of the Lemmensinstituut in Belgium. Although I could be wrong, my understanding is that the LEMMENSINSTITUUT eventually merged with “Catholic University of Leuven” (originally founded in 1425). That’s the university Fulton J. Sheen attended.
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Random Quote

At the Catholic gathering (Katholikentag) held at Breslau in August, the Papal Nuncio celebrated Mass for 80,000 participants, facing the people (the “Missa versus populum”).

— “Orate Fratres” Magazine (23 Jan. 1927)

Recent Posts

  • PDF Download • “Sprinkling Rite”
  • ‘Sarum’ Good Friday?
  • Gregorian Chant • The “Correct” Way of Singing ?
  • PDF Download • “Eb Organ Postlude”
  • Fulton J. Sheen • “24-Hour Catechism”

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