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Views from the Choir Loft

Exclusive Interview • Mr. Nancho Alvarez

Jeff Ostrowski · February 3, 2016

ANCHO ALVAREZ has probably done more for Roman Catholic polyphony than any other person. I have been trying to let others know about what he’s done since 2003, when I posted this button. (Hey, I know it’s not much, but that’s all I could do at the time!) It was my honor to conduct the following interview with Mr. Alvarez. To keep the flow going, I decided not to link to any scores, since all are available at his websites:

* *  COLLECTION OF SCORES • Tomás Luis de Victoria

* *  COLLECTION OF SCORES • Cristóbal de Morales

* *  COLLECTION OF SCORES • Francisco Guerrero

* *  ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS • Part Books

One of our readers—a father of four originally from Mexico whose wife is a great singer—assisted with the English translation, and we are grateful to him!

R. ÁLVAREZ, por mucho tiempo, usted ha proveído miles de ediciones de música de tres hombres, Victoria, Guerrero, y Morales, cuya grandeza nunca ha sido superada por cualquier otro compositor. Un proyecto de tan gran impacto – sin duda uno de los más audaces emprendido – debió haber requerido innumerable horas de trabajo. ¿Cómo fue posible?

R. ALVAREZ, for many years, you have provided thousands of excellent editions of three men whose greatness has never been surpassed by any other composer: Victoria, Guerrero, and Morales. Such a project—without question one of the greatest ever undertaken—must have required innumerable hours of work. How was this possible?

Considero a Victoria uno de los grandes genios de la música, y sin duda, el compositor español más importante de todos los tiempos. Cuando se habla de música española del siglo XVI siempre se menciona al trío Victoria, Guerrero y Morales, de hecho algunos autores se refieren a ellos como la “Trinidad de los compositores españoles”. Tal vez esto es exagerado. Personalmente pienso que Victoria está en una categoría más elevada que Morales y Guerrero, y además hay más compositores españoles interesantes de esa época como Juan Vásquez o Alonso Lobo.

I consider Victoria a truly great genius of music, and without a doubt the most important Spanish composer of all time. In any discussion of sixteenth-century Spanish music, the trio of Victoria, Guerrero, and Morales will be mentioned. Indeed, some authors refer to these three as the “Trinity of Spanish composers.” Perhaps this is an exaggeration. I personally believe Victoria to be in a higher category than Morales and Guerrero. Moreover, there are other exciting Spanish composers of that time, such as Juan Vasquez and Alonso Lobo.

Comencé a trabajar en la web de Tomás Luis de Victoria en 2002. En principio la web era solo una colección de unas pocas partituras para uso personal. En ese tiempo yo estaba aprendiendo a usar un software gratuito de edición de partituras llamado “lilypond” (lilypond.org) y me pareció una buena idea practicar editando la colección de 18 responsorios de Semana Santa de Victoria.

I started working on the website of Tomas Luis de Victoria in 2002. In the beginning, the website was merely a collection of a few scores for personal use. At that time, I was learning to use a free score editing software called “lilypond” (lilypond.org) and found it valuable to practice editing the collection of Victoria’s “Eighteen Responsories for Holy Week.”

La obra de Victoria es bastante reducida comparada con otros compositores. Por eso me pareció factible realizar una edición completa de toda la obra. Comencé a buscar música de Victoria en todas las tiendas de música, compré todas las ediciones que pude encontrar y en poco más de 2 años había publicado en la web mi propia edición de todas las obras de Victoria. Cuando terminé con Victoria empecé con Guerrero y luego con Morales.

Tomás Luis de Victoria’s oeuvre is quite small compared to other composers, so it seemed feasible to perform a complete edition of the entire work. I began searching for music of Victoria in all the music stores—purchasing every issue I could find—and in little more than two years had published on the web my own edition for all of Victoria’s works. When I finished that, I began working on Guerrero, and then came Morales.
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Más adelante, desde que tuve acceso a los originales, comencé a hacer de nuevo otra vez las partituras de Victoria esta vez en transcripción directa desde los facsímiles. Esto me ha permitido corregir pequeñas erratas, y sobre todo, en el proceso he aprendido muchísimo y he disfrutado del contacto directo con estas ediciones antiguas.

Later on, since I had access to the original manuscripts, I began to redo the Victoria scores—this time in direct transcription from the facsimiles. This has allowed me to correct minor errors and (most importantly) learn by the process. I must admit that I have thoroughly enjoyed having direct contact with these old manuscripts.

Cuántas horas de trabajo he decidado? no sabría decirlo. Una buena estimación es que cada página impresa me lleva aproximadamente 45 minutos. Pero algunas partituras son más difíciles y llevan mucho más tiempo.

How many hours have been dedicated to this project of mine? I could not say. A good estimate is that each printed page requires about 45 minutes. But some scores are more difficult and take longer.
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Tengo que decir que todo el contenido de mi web es gratuito y de libre acceso. Esto para mí es muy importante porque me considero en deuda con la comunidad del software libre y el conocimiento libre. En internet hay gente maravillosa que pone su talento y su trabajo al servicio de todo el mundo creando software libre (como por ejemplo el propio lilypond) o compartiendo su conocimiento. Mi web es una manera de devolver a la sociedad una parte de lo que he recibido.
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I must point out that the content of my site is totally free, granting open access to everyone. This is very important to me, because I consider myself indebted to the community of free software and free knowledge. On the Internet, we find wonderful people who put their talent and work at the service of everyone else creating free software (such as lilypond). They share their knowledge freely, and I consider my website a way to give something back to a society which given me so much.

Mucha gente en los estados unidos—especialmente profesores de las universidades más importantes—depended de su trabajo. ¿Qué ha oído de alguna persona que le haya sorprendido? ¿Puede dar algunos ejemplos? ¿Islandia? ¿Rusia? ¿América del Sur? ¿China?

Many in the United States—especially professors at the top universities—rely heavily upon your work. Have you heard from surprising people over the years? Can you give a few examples? Iceland? Russia? South America? China?
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Mi página web la consulta mucha gente, sobre todo por comodidad, pero no creo que sea esencial para el trabajo de los musicólogos de las universidades. La gente que me escribe suelen ser aficionados de coros amateur, pero también recibo mensajes de músicos profesionales, algunos famosos, que utilizan mis partituras en sus conciertos y grabaciones. Esto para mí es un honor muy grande.

Many people have consulted my website, usually because it is so convenient to access. However, I do not think it’s essential for musicologists at universities. People who write me are usually members of amateur choirs, but I also receive messages from professional musicians—even famous ones who use my scores for concerts and recordings. For me, this is a great honor indeed.

Me han escrito de muchas partes del mundo. No sabría recordar ahora algún caso especial, pero por ejemplo me acuerdo de alguien de las antípodas: Nueva Zelanda, que me decía: “I am from New Zealand, you know, two islands near Australia”. De Japón me han escrito varias veces, un ensemble de flautas que tocaban música de Morales. También me escribió una vez alguien de un coro de Ciudad del Vaticano, me hizo ilusión ver en la dirección de correo el dominio .va

I have received messages from all over the world. At this moment, I cannot recall any particular instance, but I do recall someone from “down under” (New Zealand) who told me: “I am from New Zealand; you know, two islands near Australia.” Several from Japan have written to me, as well; for example, a flute ensemble which performed the music of Morales. I remember once getting a message from a choir at the Vatican, and it was exciting to see the special e-mail domain “.va.”

Lo más increible es que cuando he escrito yo a algún musicólogo famoso para preguntarle algo, me responden que me conocen a mí y a mi web. Esto es algo que todavía me sorprende. Es el poder de internet!
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The most amazing thing is that whenever I write to famous musicologists asking for advice, they always reply that they know me and are aware of my website! This is something that continues to surprise me. It is the power of the internet!

¿Se cantan estas partituras en las parroquias locales en españa? En los estados unidos, son pocos los Católicos que aprecian la belleza sublime de estos maestros.

Are these scores sung in your local parishes in Spain? Very few Catholics in the USA seem to appreciate the sublime beauty of these masters.
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Yo creo que no. Aquí la mayoría de los coros de parroquia cantan canciones sencillas a 1 o 2 voces acompañados de guitarras, no creo que sea habitual cantar polifonía.

I don’t believe they are. Where I am, most of the parish choirs sing simple songs with one or two voices, accompanied by the guitar. I don’t think it’s normal to sing polyphony.

Puede que haya algún coro que sí tenga en su repertorio alguna pieza como “O magnum mysterium” o “Caligaverunt” de Victoria, pero es más bien una excepción, y además supongo que su manera de interpretarla, con coro numeroso, no es la mejor para apreciar toda la belleza que encierra.

There may be some church choirs which have in their repertoire a popular motet such as “O Magnum Mysterium” or “Caligaverunt” by Victoria, but these are exceptions. Moreover, when large choirs perform the scores on my website, some of the beautiful subtleties and nuances of interpretation can be lost.

Es una pena pero en las celebraciones religiosas se ha abandonado el gran tesoro que supone esta música. La mayoría de los españoles, sean católicos o no, no hay oído hablar nunca de Tomás Luis de Victoria. Increible pero es así.

It’s such a shame that religious celebrations have abandoned these great musical treasures, created specifically for the Church. Most Spaniards—whether Catholic or not—have never heard of Tomás Luis de Victoria. Yet his music is so amazing…

Es aparente en su trabajo que usted se ha familiarizado con la liturgia Católica antigua. ¿Cómo ha enriquecido su vida espiritual por medio de este trabajo?

From your work, it is apparent you have become quite familiar with the ancient Catholic liturgy. How has this enriched your spiritual life?

Realmente no soy ningún experto en liturgia. Me interesa mucho ese tema porque considero que es muy importante para entender el contexto real en el que se usaba esta música. He realizado algunos cursos con expertos en liturgia pero me queda mucho por aprender.

I’m not a liturgical expert. That being said, I’m quite interested in the subject because I consider it essential to know the actual context in which this music was used. I have done some courses with liturgical experts but still have much to learn.
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Lo que tengo claro es que sin conocer la liturgia no se puede entender el papel que desempeñaba la música y sus características.

One thing is certain: those lacking knowledge of the liturgy cannot understand the role played by music.

En algunas ocasiones he tenido la suerte de que el sacerdote que oficiaba una misa se involucrara en la parte musical y consultara con el coro el tono en el que cantar las invocaciones, o cantar el “Agnus Dei” alternativamente con el coro. Cuando sucede esto la ceremonia religiosa se realza y la música adquiere el valor real con el que fue concebida.

Sometimes, I have had the good fortune to be involved in a situation where a priest offering Mass became involved in the music—consulting with the choir before singing the intonations—or even singing the “Agnus Dei” alternately with the choir. When this happens, the religious music is enhanced because it is being sung in the way it was conceived.
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Debo decir que yo no soy una persona religiosa. Estoy educado en la fe católica y comparto muchos de sus valores, pero no soy creyente. Sin embargo opino que la música de Victoria, independientemente de las creencias personales, consigue provocar un sentido de transcendencia y de conexión con una dimensión superior y en ese modo sí me considero una persona espiritual. Creo que es imposible cantar por ejemplo el “Officium Defunctorum” y no sentirse conmovido en lo más profundo del alma.

I must say that I’m not a religious person. I was educated in the Catholic faith and share many values with Catholics, but I’m not a believer. However, I feel that the music of Victoria—regardless of personal beliefs—provokes a sense of “transcendence” and “connection to a higher dimension.” In that sense, I consider myself to be a spiritual person. I don’t believe it’s possible to sing, for example, the “Officium Defunctorum” without being touched in the depths of one’s soul.
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Usted es un matemático profesional, no un músico – sin embargo, sus partituras enseñan una gran sensibilidad a cuestiones difíciles como la “musica ficta”. ¿De dónde viene esta sensibilidad? ¿Usted ha estudiado teóricos como Thomas Morley, Johannes Tinctoris, o Heinrich Glareanus?

You are a professional mathematician, not a professional musician—yet your editions show great sensitivity to vexing issues such as “musica ficta.” Whence comes this sensitivity? Have you studied theorists like Thomas Morley, Johannes Tinctoris, and Heinrich Glareanus?
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Efectivamente, yo no soy musicólogo, pero el problema de la “musica ficta” tiene cierta componente matemática que me resulta atractiva. Cuando hago una transcripción si tengo dudas con una ficta o cualquier otra cuestión teórica me intento poner en el lugar del cantante de la época, y siempre pienso en qué sería lo más natural en cada caso.

Indeed, I am not a musicologist. At the same time, the problem of “ficta” has a certain mathematical component I find attractive. When I’m transcribing a piece of music and encounter doubts about “ficta”—or any other theoretical question for that matter—I try to put myself in place the singer of the time and consider what would be more natural for him.

Desde hace 2 años canto en un pequeño ensemble que lee directamente desde las partituras originales. Esto me ha enseñado mucho sobre cómo se enfrentaban los músicos de esa época a la partitura.
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Starting two years ago, I have taken part in a small singing ensemble which reads music directly from the original manuscripts. Doing this has taught me a great deal about how musicians of that time would have approached the score.

Los tratadistas que he leido son sobre todo los españoles: “Declaración de instrumentos musicales” de Juan Bermudo y “Arte de tañer fantasía” de Tomás de Santa María. Son libros escritos en el siglo XVI y muy didácticos. También conozco, pero no directamente los tratados de Zarlino y Stoquerus. Me gustaría aprender latín para poder leer tratados más antiguos.

The writers I’ve read are mostly Spanish: “Declaración de instrumentos musicales” by Juan Bermudo and “Arte de tañer fantasía” of Tomás de Santa María. They are written in the sixteenth century and served as textbooks. I also know—but not directly—the theoretical treatises of Zarlino and Stoquerus. Someday, I would like to learn Latin, in order to study authentically the ancient treatises.

¿Cómo llegó a tener acceso a una colecciona tan maravillosa de libros originales del renacimiento?

How did you gain access to such a marvelous collection of original part books from the Renaissance?

Hoy día, afortunadamente muchas bibliotecas importantes tienen fotografías digitales de sus libros y los ponen a disposición del público de forma gratuita. Hace años esto no era así, y era muy difícil acceder a originales.
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Today, I’m happy to report that many important libraries have digital photographs of such books, which they have made available to the public free of charge. Years ago, this was not the case, and it was very difficult to access original manuscripts.

Los primeros facsímiles que publiqué en la web eran fotos hechas por mí mismo de libros que se encuentran en catedrales o monasterios. Lo difícil fue conseguir permiso para que me dejaran fotografiar, y sobre todo, publicar todo el material. Aprovecho para darles las gracias públicamente.

The first facsimiles I published on the internet were photographs taken by me of books found in cathedrals or monasteries. The most difficult part was obtaining permission to take the photographs and publish the material. I take this opportunity to publicly thank those who assisted me.

Por desgracia hay bastantes archivos, sobre todo de instituciones religiosas, que no permiten acceder a sus originales, y mucho menos publicar las fotografías libremente. Es verdad que no tienen porqué hacerlo, pero considero que el conocimiento debería ser libre, y unos tesoros como esos deberían estar disponibles para todo el mundo ahora que la tecnología lo permite.

Unfortunately, there are many institutions—especially religious institutions—which do not allow access to the original manuscripts, much less photographs which will be shared publicly. While it is true they are under no obligation to share these treasures, I believe that knowledge should be free. Treasures like that should be available to everyone, now that technology allows.

Tengo que decir que una de las bibliotecas donde no me pusieron ningún problema fue la de la Universidad de Berkeley en California. Fueron muy amables conmigo y me autorizaron a fotografiar y publicar todo el material que les solicité. Ojalá en España fueran todas así!

One library was amazing, however. There I encountered no problems! I am speaking of the University of Berkeley in California. They were very kind, and allowed me to photograph (and publish) everything I requested. I wish that all libraries in Spain were like that!
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Victoria publicó en total 15 libros de partituras. Yo estoy muy contento porque poseo una copia digital de todos ellos. Algunos son fotos hechas por mí, otros están libremente accesible en internet, y otros son digitalizaciones que he comprado a bibliotecas de Italia y Alemania pero que por desgracia no tengo permiso para publicar en internet.
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Victoria’s scores are contained—all of them—in fifteen books. I am very happy because I have digital copies of all of them. Some are photos taken by me, others are freely accessible online, and others are scans that have purchased from Italian & German libraries. Unfortunately, I have not been able to obtain permission to publish all of these online.

Hace una década, usted me mencionó (por correo electrónico) que Francisco Guerrero tuvo un amor especia a los Canons. Esto me pareció una percepción muy profunda. ¿Hay alguna partitura o pieza de Morales, Guerrero, o Victoria que considera particularmente “especial” pero que no haya recibido el proprio reconocimiento?
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More than a decade ago, Mr. Alvarez, you mentioned to me—by means of an email conversation I’d be surprised if you remember—the special love Francisco Guerrero had for Canons. This seemed to me a profound insight. Is there a particular “special” piece by Morales, Guerrero, or Victoria which you feel has not received proper recognition?

En el renacimiento hay muchos autores que se han sentido atraidos por los cánones, el más famoso tal vez sea Ockeghem. Recientemente he conocido un compositor del Mexico del siglo XVII al que curiosamente llamaban “El Ockeghem americano” y que tiene cánones que todavía no se han descifrado!, se llama Francisco López Capillas.

In the Renaissance, many composers were attracted by canons—the most famous perhaps being Ockeghem. I recently discovered a seventeenth-century composer from Mexico—incidentally, he was called “The American Ockeghem”—who wrote many canons which to this day have not been adequately deciphered! His name is Francisco López Capillas.

En España un claro representante de esta manera de componer fue Guerrero que tiene innumerables composiciones en que varias voces se mueven por canon. Destacaría un “Pater noster” a 8, una obra para dos coros, en el que uno de los coros canta exactamente lo mismo que el otro pero a distancia de quinta y separados por 2 compases, o sea, un canon cuádruple!
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In Spain, someone who loved this way of composing was Francisco Guerrero. He wrote innumerable compositions with several voices moving by canon. Consider, for example, Guerrero’s “Our Father” for eight voices (which form two separate choirs). In this astonishing work, one of the choirs sings exactly the same notes as the other choir, but at a distance of a fifth and separated by two bars—in other words, a quadruple canon!

Morales y Victoria también tienen obras en canon. Por ejemplo es muy común que en los “Agnus Dei” de las misas el tercero tenga una voz extra que hace canon con otra.
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Morales and Victoria also have canonic works. For example, it is quite common for the “Agnus Dei” section of a Mass to have an extra voice singing a canon with another voice.

Pero si tengo que elegir alguna obra no muy conocida mencionaría una de las lamentaciones de Morales: “Zai. Candidiores nazarei”. Las lamentaciones de Morales fueron muy populares en su época y en los siglos posteriores, pero por existir pocas ediciones modernas, no se suelen interpretar hoy.

If I were forced to choose a little known work, I suppose I would mention a Lamentation by Morales: “Zai Candidiores nazarei.” The Lamentations by Morales were popular both during his lifetime and in later centuries. However, few modern editions exist, and perhaps this is why they’re so seldom sung in our age.

De Victoria elegiría también una lamentación, esta sí es conocida, pero no se suele incluir entre sus composiciones más importantes: “Vau. Et egressus est”. A mí me emociona cada vez que la canto.
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I would also choose a Lamentation by Victoria. The Lamentations of Victoria are without question widely known. One of them, however, is not usually included among his most important compositions but should be: “Vau. Et Egressus est.” It thrills me, no matter how many times I sing it.

801 Nancho Alvarez VICTORIA 800 Nancho Alvarez VICTORIA 799 Nancho Alvarez VICTORIA

Opinions by blog authors do not necessarily represent the views of Corpus Christi Watershed.

Filed Under: Articles Tagged With: Francisco Guerrero Composer Last Updated: September 20, 2021

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About Jeff Ostrowski

Jeff Ostrowski holds his B.M. in Music Theory from the University of Kansas (2004). He resides with his wife and children in Michigan. —(Read full biography).

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Corpus Christi Watershed

President’s Corner

    “Common” Responsorial Psalm?
    I try to avoid arguing about liturgical legislation (even with Catholic priests) because it seems like many folks hold certain views—and nothing will persuade them to believe differently. You can show them 100 church documents, but it matters not. They won’t budge. Sometimes I’m confronted by people who insist that “there’s no such thing” as a COMMON RESPONSORIAL PSALM. When that happens, I show them a copy of the official legislation in Latin. I have occasionally prevailed by means of this method.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    “Music List” • 5th Sunday of Easter (Year C)
    Some have expressed interest in perusing the ORDER OF MUSIC I prepared for the 5th Sunday of Easter (18 May 2025). If such a thing interests you, feel free to download it as a PDF file. The Communion Antiphon was ‘restored’ the 1970 Missale Romanum (a.k.a. MISSALE RECENS) from an obscure martyr’s feast. Our choir is on break this Sunday, so the selections are relatively simple in nature.
    —Jeff Ostrowski
    Communion Chant (5th Sunday of Easter)
    This coming Sunday—18 May 2025—is the 5th Sunday of Easter, Year C (MISSALE RECENS). The COMMUNION ANTIPHON “Ego Sum Vitis Vera” assigned by the Church is rather interesting, because it comes from a rare martyr’s feast: viz. Saint Vitalis of Milan. It was never part of the EDITIO VATICANA, which is the still the Church’s official edition. As a result, the musical notation had to be printed in the Ordo Cantus Missae, which appeared in 1970.
    —Jeff Ostrowski

Quick Thoughts

    Antiphons Don’t Match?
    A reader wants to know why the Entrance and Communion antiphons in certain publications deviate from what’s prescribed by the GRADUALE ROMANUM published after Vatican II. Click here to read our answer. The short answer is: the Adalbert Propers were never intended to be sung. They were intended for private Masses only (or Masses without music). The “Graduale Parvum,” published by the John Henry Newman Institute of Liturgical Music in 2023, mostly uses the Adalbert Propers—but sometimes uses the GRADUALE text: e.g. Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul (29 June).
    —Corpus Christi Watershed
    When to Sit, Stand and Kneel like it’s 1962
    There are lots of different guides to postures for Mass, but I couldn’t find one which matched our local Latin Mass, so I made this one: sit-stand-kneel-crop
    —Veronica Brandt
    The Funeral Rites of the Graduale Romanum
    Lately I have been paging through the 1974 Graduale Romanum (see p. 678 ff.) and have been fascinated by the funeral rites found therein, especially the simply-beautiful Psalmody that is appointed for all the different occasions before and after the funeral Mass: at the vigil/wake, at the house of the deceased, processing to the church, at the church, processing to the cemetery, and at the cemetery. Would that this “stational Psalmody” of the Novus Ordo funeral rites saw wider usage! If you or anyone you know have ever used it, please do let me know.
    —Daniel Tucker

Random Quote

“As often as possible they gathered together the children of the village and sat them down in the cabin. Father Brébeuf would put on a surplice and biretta and chant the Our Father, which Father Daniel had translated into Huron rhymes, and the children would chant it after him. Next, he taught them the sign of the cross, the Hail Mary, the Apostles’ Creed, and the Commandments.”

— Biography of St. Jean de Brébeuf

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